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Note that the parentheses surrounding the comparisons are required in the
example, because the comparison operators, ==, !=, >,
<, >=, and <=, have precedence lower than that of the
output operator,
<<.
Required Required
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... v v
cout << "i == (int) d yields " << (i == (int) d) << endl;
...
You do not need the parentheses with ordinary arithmetic operators, because those operators have higher precedence:
Not Not
required required
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... v v
cout << "i + (int) d yields " << (i + (int) d) << endl;
...
To avoid stubbing your toe on such subtle distinctions, use parentheses liberally, whether or not you need them.