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Next, I present an example of procedural material variation used in simulation. I modeled a tree in an urban setting, similar to this photograph. As the tree roots grow, the bricks surrounding the tree are shifted and pushed upwards, but maintain their shape.

I created the model using an implicit function of a cylinder plus noise for the stump combined with an extruded 2D image for the roots. A layer of pavement is applied over and between the roots using the precedence operator I described earlier. The layer is procedurally divided into two materials, the bricks and dirt.