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To define the boundaries or isosurfaces between in layers in my models, I use a signed distance field which is a continuous scalar function defined throughout the volume. Often the value of the function is simply the distance to the nearest point on the primary surface, with opposite signs on opposite sides of the surface. All points with distance value v define the v-isosurface.
The top image shows a 2D slice through the signed distance field of the bunny mesh evaluated on a uniform grid. Red points on the interior, blue points on the exterior. The color fades to white as the absolute value of the distance increases. Using a signed distance field to describe isosurfaces prevents self-intersection problems, seamlessly handles changes in topology, and places no restrictions on layer thickness, as illustrated in the bottom image.
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