Hari Balakrishnan

Hari Balakrishnan ยท MIT CSAIL

Projects

Current and past research projects. Each links to its project page (where available) and key publications.

Current Projects

Agentic AI for Systems Design

LLM-based multi-agent systems that design, test, and optimize computer systems, reaching expert-level designs in hours instead of months.

CAIS 2026 (Glia), CAIS 2026 (Engram), CAIS 2026 (Dossier)

Savaal

A concept-driven question-generation system that turns papers, textbooks, and lecture material into deep multiple-choice quizzes.

TMLR 2026

CityMesh

A decentralized city-scale Wi-Fi mesh that keeps residents connected when internet infrastructure fails, routing traffic across existing access points to opportunistic gateways.

HotNets 2024, NINeS 2026

Past Projects

Transport and Congestion Control

CCP: Congestion Control Plane

Moves the congestion-control algorithm off the datapath so one implementation runs unchanged across datapaths (kernel, QUIC, hardware), with building blocks like elasticity detection and site-to-site control.

SIGCOMM 2022 (Elasticity Detection), EuroSys 2021 (Site-to-Site), SIGCOMM 2018 (Restructuring Endpoint CC), HotNets 2017

Copa

A delay-based congestion-control algorithm that combines objective optimization with a window-adjustment rule for high throughput and low delay โ€” with a formal analysis of when such algorithms starve.

NSDI 2018 (Copa)

Congestion Control for Wireless Networks

Transport and congestion control tuned for wireless and cellular links โ€” loss discrimination and header compression (Snoop), capacity forecasting for interactive apps (Sprout), and explicit accelerate/brake feedback (ABC).

NSDI 2020 (ABC), NSDI 2013 (Sprout), MobiCom 2000 (Header Compression), GLOBECOM 1998 (Explicit Loss Notification), IEEE/ACM ToN 1997, MobiCom 1997 (Asymmetry), Handoffs (Daedalus), Wireless Networks 1995, MobiCom 1995

Remy & TCP ex Machina

Computer-generated congestion control: given assumptions about the network, a program synthesizes a congestion-control algorithm that outperforms hand-crafted ones.

SIGCOMM 2014 (Learnability), SIGCOMM 2013 (TCP ex Machina)

Congestion Manager

An end-system architecture that shares congestion information across all flows to a destination, enabling stable, TCP-friendly rate control across applications.

ICNP 2003 (False Sharing), Packet Video 2001 (Layered Adaptation), SIGCOMM 1999 (Integrated CM)

Web performance: Polaris, Mahimahi & Vesper

Tools and systems to measure and speed up web page loads โ€” fine-grained dependency tracking, accurate record-and-replay, and time-to-interactivity metrics.

USENIX ATC 2015 (Mahimahi), NSDI 2016 (Polaris), NSDI 2018 (Vesper), MobiSys 2019 (Watchtower)

Internet Architecture and Overlay Networks

Accountable Internet Protocol (AIP)

A network architecture that builds accountability into addressing, mitigating source spoofing and many denial-of-service attacks.

SIGCOMM 2008, HotNets 2007

Internet routing & rcc

Understanding and improving wide-area routing โ€” static analysis to find BGP configuration faults, and a case for separating routing from routers.

SIGCOMM FDNA 2004, NSDI 2005 (rcc), SIGCOMM 2005

Layered Naming, DOA & middleboxes

An Internet architecture with clean naming layers that makes middleboxes first-class, addressable network elements rather than harmful hacks.

SIGCOMM 2004 (Layered Naming), OSDI 2004 (Middleboxes)

Chord

A scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol (distributed hash table) that maps keys to nodes with logarithmic routing โ€” a foundation of P2P systems.

SIGCOMM 2001, IEEE/ACM ToN 2003

Resilient Overlay Networks (RON)

An overlay that routes around Internet path failures in seconds by having a small set of nodes monitor and re-route among themselves.

SOSP 2001, HotOS 2001

Internet mobility & Migrate

An end-to-end approach to host mobility that keeps connections alive across address changes and disconnections, without changing the network.

MobiCom 2000, USITS 2001

Intentional Naming System (INS)

A naming system for dynamic, mobile networks where applications describe what they want by intent, and the system resolves and routes to it.

SOSP 1999, Pervasive 2002 (INS/Twine)

Datacenter, Programmable Networks, and Operating Systems

Shenango

An operating-system design that reallocates CPU cores at microsecond timescales to achieve high efficiency and low tail latency in datacenters.

NSDI 2019

Programmable data planes: Domino, PIFO & Packet Transactions

Language and hardware abstractions that let programmers express rich packet processing and scheduling that compiles to line-rate switches.

SIGCOMM 2016 (Packet Transactions), SIGCOMM 2016 (PIFO), HotNets 2015

Fastpass, Flowtune & Flexplane

Centralized control of datacenter networks โ€” a controller that decides when and along what path every packet is sent, for near-zero queueing.

SIGCOMM 2014 (Fastpass), NSDI 2017 (Flowtune), NSDI 2017 (Flexplane)

Data Management Systems

Relational Cloud

A database-as-a-service for the cloud with automatic workload-aware partitioning, consolidation, and encrypted storage.

CIDR 2011, SIGMOD 2011

HRDB

Tolerating Byzantine faults in transaction-processing systems by running replicas of unmodified databases behind a commit-barrier scheduler.

SOSP 2007

Aurora, Borealis & Medusa

Distributed stream-processing systems for continuous queries over data feeds, with fault tolerance and load management โ€” the research behind StreamBase.

CIDR 2003, VLDB Journal 2004 (Aurora), SIGMOD 2005 (Borealis)

Security and Privacy

CryptDB & Mylar

Practical systems for computing over encrypted data โ€” running SQL queries on an encrypted database, and building web apps that keep data encrypted end-to-end.

SOSP 2011 (CryptDB), CACM 2012, NSDI 2014 (Mylar)

VPriv

Protecting location privacy in vehicular services (tolling, insurance, congestion pricing) while still allowing correct, auditable billing.

USENIX Security 2009, CCS 2011

Infranet

Circumventing web censorship and surveillance by tunneling covert requests inside ordinary-looking HTTP traffic to cooperating servers.

USENIX Security 2002, PET 2003

AI-Driven Systems, Mapping, and Computer Vision

Map inference from imagery

Automatically building and updating road maps from aerial imagery and GPS traces using computer vision and graph neural networks.

CVPR 2018 (RoadTracer), SIGSPATIAL 2018 (RoadRunner), AAAI 2020 (RoadTagger), CACM 2021 · Mapster

Mobile, Sensing, and Wireless Systems

Map inference from imagery

Automatically building and updating road maps from aerial imagery and GPS traces using computer vision and graph neural networks.

CVPR 2018 (RoadTracer), SIGSPATIAL 2018 (RoadRunner), AAAI 2020 (RoadTagger), CACM 2021 · Mapster

RFocus

A smart surface with thousands of tiny antennas that focuses radio signals to boost the range and reliability of low-power wireless devices.

NSDI 2020

Glimpse

Continuous, real-time object recognition on mobile devices by offloading the heavy computation while hiding network and processing latency.

SenSys 2015

Spinal & rateless codes

A new family of rateless wireless codes built from hash functions, approaching capacity across a wide range of channel conditions, with a hardware decoder.

HotNets 2011, SIGCOMM 2012, MobiCom 2012

Mosh

A mobile-friendly remote shell that survives roaming, intermittent connectivity, and sleep, with instant local echo โ€” a modern replacement for SSH sessions.

USENIX ATC 2012

CarTel & vehicular sensing

A mobile sensor-computing system using cars and phones to monitor traffic, road conditions, and Wi-Fi โ€” the research behind Cambridge Mobile Telematics.

SenSys 2006 (CarTel), MobiSys 2008 (Pothole Patrol), SenSys 2009 (VTrack), NSDI 2011 (CTrack)

SoftPHY: partial packet recovery & network coding

Exposing physical-layer confidence to higher layers to recover partial packets, adapt bit-rates, and do symbol-level network coding in wireless networks.

SIGCOMM 2007 (PPR), SIGCOMM 2008 (MIXIT), SIGCOMM 2009 (bit-rate), ANCS 2010 (Airblue)

Cricket

An indoor location system using ultrasound and RF that gives mobile devices fine-grained position and orientation, privacy-preserving by design.

MobiCom 2000, MobiCom 2001 (Compass)