Randomization in
Graph Optimization Problems

Randomized Algorithms

Methods

Cuts in Graphs

Optimization with Cuts

Presentation Assumption

Basic Probability

Random Selection for
Minimum Cuts

Minimum Cut

Max-flow/Min-cut

Flow Algorithms

Contraction

Contraction Algorithm

Slide 14

Picking an Edge

Randomize

Analysis I

Analysis II

Analysis III

Repetition

How fast?

An improvement [KS]

Recursive Algorithm

Main Theorem

Proof Outline

Failure Modes

How do we verify
 a minimum cut?

Enumerating Cuts

Cut Counting

Enumeration

Generalization

Summary

Random Sampling

Random Sampling

A Polling Problem

Analysis: Chernoff Bound

Application to Polling

Analysis

Sampling for Min-Cuts

Min-cut Duality

Example

Random Sampling

Sampling Theorem

A Simple Application

Proof of Sampling: Idea

Proof of Sampling

Las Vegas Algorithms

Approximate Tree Packing

Las Vegas Algorithm

Exact Algorithm

Nearly Linear Time

Analyze Trees

Constraint trees

Finding the Cut

Two Problems

Sampling

Simple First Step

Analyzing a tree

The Dynamic Program

Algorithm: 1-Crossing Trees

2-Crossing Trees

Linear Time

How do we verify
 a minimum cut?

Network Design

Problem Statement

Integer Linear Program

Randomized Rounding

k-connected subgraph

Repair Methods

Nonuniform Sampling

s-t Min-Cuts

The Problem

Biased Sampling

        Problem          Old Time   New Time

Strong Components

Nonuniform Sampling

Nonuniform Sampling

Compression Theorem

Application

Proof (approximation)

Strength Lemma

Proof (edge count)

Construction

NI Certificate Algorithm

Approximate Flows

Smoothing

Exact Flow Algorithms

Residual Graphs

First Try

Application

Proof

Analysis

Strong Connectivity

Analysis

Summary

Network Reliability

The Problem

Approximation Algorithms

Monte Carlo Simulation

Chernoff Bound

Application

For network reliability

Rare Events

DNF Counting

Rewrite problem

Satisfaction Matrix

New sample space

Sampling Nonzeros

Few Samples Needed

Reliability Connection

Focus on Small Cuts

Review

Proof of Theorem

Algorithm

Combine

Summary

Conclusions

Conclusion

Randomized Methods

Random Selection

Monte Carlo

Random Sampling

Randomized Rounding

Generalization

Directed Graphs?

Open problems

Randomization in
Graph Optimization Problems