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The data-abstraction benefits of access functions—constructors, readers, and writers—disappear if you or an associate writes functions that include direct member-variable references or assignments.
If, for example, you decide to switch from radius-based descriptions to
diameter-based descriptions, then C++ no longer can compile any
expression that attempts to access the radius member variable
directly. On the other hand, if you prevent direct access to the
radius member variable, no one can accidentally come to rely on such
expressions.