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C++'s
iteration statements enable functions to do computations
over and over until a test has been satisfied. C++'s
while statement, for example, consists of a Boolean
expression, in parentheses, followed by an embedded statement:
while (Boolean expression) embedded statement
The Boolean expression is evaluated, and if the Boolean
expression evaluates to any integer other than 0,
the embedded statement is evaluated as well; otherwise, C++
skips the embedded statement. In contrast to an if
statement, however, the
evaluate-Boolean-expression–evaluate-embedded-statement cycle
continues as long as the Boolean expression evaluates to some
integer other than 0.