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An iterative filter is a program that transforms
a sequence of inputs into a modified sequence of outputs. Write an
iterative filter that transforms input characters into upper-case output
characters. To do so, you need to know that the value of an expression
consisting of a character, such as a, surrounded by single-quotation
marks, such as 'a', is the integer character code for the letter
a. The character codes for the lower-case letters are consecutive,
as are the character codes for the upper-case characters.