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At this point, you have seen many examples in which C++'s output
operator, <<, displays strings and numbers. Although convenient,
the examples using the output operator have one conspicuous defect: You get
ragged-looking display when the widths of the items displayed vary from
line to line.
In principle, you can exert control over how the output operator does its
job by using various library functions that manipulate stream objects, such
as the cout stream and ofstream streams. Nevertheless, many
programmers find the current generation of stream-manipulation functions to
be insufficiently flexible.