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The & and |
operators also combine Boolean expressions, returning true or
false. But & and | differ from && and
|| in that & and | evaluate both arguments, no matter
what.
Ordinarily, you would not use & and | on Boolean operands,
because && and || are more efficient. You would use &
and | on integral expressions, however, because, when provided integral
operands, & and | perform logical and and or
operations on the bits that constitute the integers. Neither & nor
| is discussed further in this book, because understanding bit
manipulation is not a prerequisite to understanding either basic Java
programs or the special strengths of the language.