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Occasionally, you need to denote various special characters. You denote
the space character, straightforwardly, as ' '. You denote other
characters by using a combination of a backslash, \, and a code.
In such combinations, the backslash is said to be the escape character:
\t | tab |
\r | carriage return |
\n | line feed |
\f | form feed |
\b | backspace |
\" | double quote |
\' | single quote |
\\ | backslash |
The backslash itself appears in the table because you need a way to denote the backslash when you really want a backslash, rather than the escape character.