Chair: Dr. Patricia L. Gruber is the Deputy Director of the Applied Research Lab (ARL) at the Pennsylvania State University with responsibility for strategic planning, overall direction of laboratory and accountability for 1,200 faculty, staff and students (2009 . present). Dr. Gruber served as the Director of Research at the Office of Naval Research where she was responsible for Naval S&T strategic planning and for the overall integration of the Discovery and Invention portfolio (6.1 and early 6.2) in support of naval mission areas (2006-2008). Prior to her ONR assignment, she served as a Senior Research Associate, at ARL Penn State, focused on opportunities to expand ARL research funding base and build core capabilities in defense technologies (2003-2005). Dr. Gruber has held a number of technical management and business development positions at Lucent Technologies Bell Laboratories and Marconi Communications focused on successful delivery of telecommunications networks (1996-2002). At AT&T Solutions, she was a solution architect responsible for development and implementation of complex IT outsourcing contracts. As a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories, she was a program manager for Navy undersea surveillance programs. She began her career as a Research Physicist in the Acoustics Division at the Naval Research Laboratory. Dr. Gruber is a recipient of the Superior Public Service Award. She is a consultant to the Army Science Board and is a member of the Acoustical Society of America. Dr. Gruber received a BS in Meteorology from Penn State and a MS and PhD in Marine Physics from the University of Miami. Vice-Chair: Rear Admiral Charles Young, U. S. Navy (Retired) is Vice President for Strategic Business Planning, Oceaneering Advanced Technologies. A native of South Carolina, Rear Admiral Young graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in June 1970 with a BS (Mechanical Engineering) degree. After receiving a Master of Science in Civil Engineering (Ocean Engineering) at the University of Delaware in May 1971, he completed the Navy's nuclear power training program. Admiral Young served on the USS ULYSSES S. GRANT (SSBN 631B); USS PLUNGER (SSN 595); USS SAND LANCE (SSN 660); USS SAN JUAN (SSN 751) and USS HOLLAND (AS 32). Shore duty assignments included instructor duty at Nuclear Power School, Bainbridge, Maryland; Squadron Material Officer on the staff of Commander Submarine Squadron Sixteen in Kings Bay, Ga.; Director of Tactical Training at the Navy Fleet Ballistic Missile Submarine Training Center in Charleston, S.C.; Deputy Commander for Readiness and Training for Submarine Squadron TWO and Undersea Warfare Assistant Office Director for Advanced Submarine Technology in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Returning to Washington, DC in August 1994, Admiral Young assumed duties as Director, Resources and Evaluation on the staff of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development and Acquisition. He was the Program Manager for the Navy's Unmanned Undersea Vehicles Program Office from June 1995 to October 1997. From October 1997 to July 2001 he served as Deputy Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command, and Undersea Technology. Rear Admiral Young was the Commander, Naval Undersea Warfare Center from October 1998 to July 2001. He served additional duty as the Vice Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command from August 1999 to January 2000 and was the Program Executive Officer for Undersea Warfare from February to April 2000. Admiral Young is a graduate of both the Program Management Course and the Executive Program Management Course at the Defense Systems Management College. He served as Vice Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command from April 2001 to July 2002. Rear Admiral Young became the 11th Director of Strategic Systems Programs in July 2002 where he was responsible for all aspects of the research, development, production, logistics, storage, repair, and operational support of the Navy's Fleet Ballistic Missile Weapon Systems, which include the TRIDENT I and II missiles and their associated shipboard subsystems. He was also the U.S. Project Officer responsible for managing U.S. Government support of the British POLARIS/TRIDENT Force. Since retirement from the Navy, Admiral Young has served on several panels and boards. These include: Submarine Superiority Technical Advisory Group (SSTAG), Defense Science Board Task Force on the National Security Industrial Base for the 21st Century; Navy Research and Advisory Committee (NRAC); advisor to the Threat Reduction Advisory Committee (TRAC) Nuclear Deterrent Transformation (NDT) Panel; Board of Advisors for Florida Atlantic University.s Institute for Ocean and Systems Engineering; Board Advisors for Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Global Engagement Department; Board of Advisors for the Navy Submarine League; Board of Advisors for the NDIA Undersea Warfare Division; Board of Directors for the United Services Benefits Association; and Board of Advisors for the Advanced Technology Institute in Charleston, SC. Dr. James Bellingham is Chief Technologist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, and was Director of Engineering from 1999 to 2006. In his time at MBARI he has elevated its Engineering Department to international stature and established it as a center for advanced ocean observing system technology development. Prior to joining MBARI, Dr. Bellingham founded the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Laboratory at MIT, running it from 1988 to 2000. In 1997, he co-founded Bluefin Robotics Corporation, a leading manufacturer of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, and served on its board until its purchase in 2005. He serves on a number of advisory boards and councils, including Strategic Advisory Group for Battelle.s National Security Division. Today Dr. Bellingham is developing a new generation of ocean observation systems tailored to the needs of global climate and ocean ecosystem studies. Vice Admiral William Bowes, U. S. Navy (Retired) is currently an aerospace consultant, serves on a number of boards and is vice chairman of the NRAC. He served 33 years in the Navy in numerous operational and acquisition assignments. As a Vice Admiral he served as the Commander of the Naval Air Systems Command, the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development and Acquisition (RDA), and for six months was the Acting ASN (RDA). He is an accomplished test pilot, program manager and PEO. He served as the program manager for the F-14 and Phoenix missile program, the Joint Cruise Missiles Project, which developed and deployed the Tomahawk cruise missile, and was the first director of DOD.s Joint Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Project. After retiring from the Navy, Bowes joined Hughes Aircraft as a Senior Vice President and Deputy General Manager of the newly forming Sensors and Communications Sector. After Hughes was acquired by Raytheon, Bowes joined Litton Industries as the Vice President, Corporate Strategic Planning, and subsequently led the creation of the Military Aircraft Electronics Systems business unit after Litton was acquired by Northrop Grumman. Dr. Fernando Fernandez is a private consultant and a Director for various companies. From 2001-2006 Dr. Fernandez was a Distinguished Research Professor in Systems Engineering and Technology Management at Stevens of Technology. In addition, he served as the Chief Technical Advisor to the President for Institute research initiatives, management of intellectual property and commercialization of technology. From 1998-2001, Dr. Fernandez was the Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Under his leadership, DARPA served as the Department of Defense's premier R&D institution, trailblazing paths in biological warfare defense, information security, precision strike and robotics. Before that he started and managed several successful R & D companies specializing in remote detection and identification of hidden objects. In 2001, he was awarded the Distinguished Public Service Award by the Secretary of Defense and an Honorary Doctor of Engineering degree by Stevens Institute of Technology. Dr. Fernandez received his Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering and Master of Science in applied mechanics from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1960-1961. He received his Ph.D. in aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology in 1969. Mr. Charles Nemfakos is a Senior Fellow at RAND after leading Nemfakos Partners LLC in supporting public and private sector clients, here and abroad, in dealing with the demands of the emerging defense/security realities and the pressures of the global marketplace. Previously, Mr. Nemfakos was an executive with Lockheed Martin Corporation, directing efforts to rationalize product lines, providing program focus to enhance competitive strategies, seeking new directions and opportunities for growth among the various Corporation companies by anticipating demands of transformational processes. Mr. Nemfakos served in assignments as a budget analyst and as a planner in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Department of the Navy. He served in a variety of financial positions, as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Installations and Logistics, as Deputy Under Secretary, and as Comptroller. He was responsible for formulation, presentation, and execution of the Department.s budget, directing the base closure process, providing executive-level continuity in institutional management and strategic planning, and supporting privatization initiatives, incentive structures, and right-sizing efforts. Mr. Nemfakos was the Department.s Chief Financial Officer. He played a central role in the transformation of the Department after the Cold War. Mr. Nemfakos has lectured extensively on public policy in resource allocation, on national security issues, on public administration policy and on public/private entity relationships. He has served on Boards of Directors and/or Advisors of companies and non-profit, educational entities, as a Senior Fellow at the Center for Naval Analyses and an Adjunct at the National Defense University. Mr. Nemfakos has been recognized by three U. S. Presidents with four Presidential Rank Awards, by the Secretary of Defense as one of nine Career Civilian Exemplars by American University with the Roger W. Jones Award for Executive Leadership, and by National Academy of Public Administration as an elected Fellow. Dr. John C. Sommerer is the Director of Science & Technology and Chief Technology Officer of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), which is the largest of the DOD-affiliated University Research Centers. He manages the Laboratory.s research and development program and Science and Technology (S&T) strategy, oversees its Office of Technology Transfer and its support of the educational programs of the University.s Whiting School of Engineering, and serves a primary technical liaison with the Academic Divisions of the University. Dr. Sommerer serves on APL.s Executive Council, and chairs its Science and Technology Council. He is an adjunct faculty member in several programs of the G.W.C. Whiting School of Engineering at John Hopkins University. Dr. Sommerer also serves on multiple technical advisory bodies for the U.S. Government.