469: Highlights

You communicate with files via input streams and output streams.
If you want to open an input file for reading, then instantiate the following pattern:
```
File pathName: 'file specification'  
```
If you want to open an output file for writing, then instantiate the following pattern:
```
File newFile: 'file specification' 
```
If you are finished with an input or output stream, then you should close it by instantiating the following pattern:
```
stream close 
```
If you want to read a whitespace-delimited String instance from a stream, then instantiate the following pattern:
```
stream nextWord 
```
If you want to read an Integer instance from a stream, then instantiate the following pattern:
```
stream nextWord asInteger 
```
If you want to read from a stream as long as it has wordlike strings to be read, then instantiate the following pattern:
```
[(variable := stream nextWord) notNil] 
  whileTrue: [appropriate statements]. 
```
If you want to read a single character from a stream, then send the next message to the stream.
If you want to write a string to a stream, then instantiate the following pattern:
```
stream nextPutAll: 'the characters in the string' 
```
If you want to denote a character, then prefix the character with $, so that Smalltalk will not interpret the character as a variable name.
If you want to write a character to a stream, then instantiate the following pattern:
```
stream nextPut: the character 
```