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4.2 Matrix Parts

Command: rank matrix ¶

The rank of matrix is the maximal number of linearly independent columns of matrix, which is always equalt to the maximal number of linearly independent rows of matrix.

e13 : rank([[0,0],[0,0]]);

e13: 0

e14 : rank([[0,0],[0,1]]);

e14: 1

e15 : rank([[2,0],[0,1]]);

e15: 2

e17 : rank([[b,c],[0,a]]);

e17: 2

e18 : rank([[b,c,d],[a,0,a],[e,f,a]]);

e18: 3

Command: row matrix i ¶

The command row returns the ith row of the matrix matrix, where i = int. If int is larger than the number of rows of matrix, then Jacal prints an error message. The corresponding command for columns of a matrix is col.

e3 : u:[[1, 2, 3], [1, 5, 3]];

    [1  2  3]
e3: [       ]
    [1  5  3]

e4 : row(u, 2);

e4: [1, 5, 3]

Command: col matrix integer ¶

The command col is used to extract a column of a matrix. Here, matrix is a matrix and integer is a positive integer. If that integer exceeds the number of columns, an error message such as

ERROR: list-ref: Wrong type in arg1 ()

appears. Here is an example of correct use of the command col:

e19 : a:[[1,2,4],[2,5,6]];

     [1  2  4]
e19: [       ]
     [2  5  6]

e20 : col(a,2);

     [2]
e20: [ ]
     [5]

Command: minor matrix i j ¶

The command minor returns the submatrix of matrix obtained by deleting the ith row and the jth column.

e21 : b:[[1,2,3],[3,1,5],[5,2,7]];

     [1  2  3]
     [       ]
e21: [3  1  5]
     [       ]
     [5  2  7]

e22 : minor(b,3,1);

     [2  3]
e22: [    ]
     [1  5]

Command: cofactor matrix i j ¶

The command cofactor returns the determinant of the i, j minor of matrix.

Command: rapply bunch int_1 int_2 … ¶

The function rapply is used to access elements of bunches. It can also access elements nested at lower levels in a bunch. In particular, it can also access matrix elements. In the above syntax, bunch is the bunch whose parts one wishes to access, and n, int_1, int_2, …, int_n are positive integers. It returns the int_n-th element of the int_{n-1}-th element of … of the int_2-th element of the int_1-th element of bunch. One can have n = 0. In that case, rapply simply returns the bunch.

e2 : rapply([[1,2,3],[1,4,6],3],2,3);

e2: 6

e6 : rapply([a,b],2);

e6: b

e7 : rapply([a,b]);

e7: [a, b]