Ronald L. Rivest: Voting Resources Page

Government Standards Academic Commercial Link farms Individual NGO Reports/Books Papers Press Crypto Conferences Webcast Software

Government Web sites

• EAC - Election Assistance Commission
  • TGDC -- Technical Guidelines Development Committee
• FEC - Federal Election Commission
• NIST Voting Site
• FVAP - Federal Voting Assistance Program
• State sites:
  California

Standards

• FEC FAQ on Voting System Standards
• FEC 1998 History of Voting System Standards
• FEC 1990 Voting System Standards
• FEC 2002 Voting System Standards
  • Official web site (Word documents)
  • J.L. Hall version (PDF documents)
  • Single PDF document
• FEC 2002 A Plan for Implementing the 2002 Voting System Standards
• HAVA - Help America Vote Act of 2002 html pdf
• IEEE Standards Association
  • SCC 38 - Voting Standards
  • P1583 - Voting Equipment Standard
  • P1622 - Electronic Data Interchange
• IEEE Spectrum Sept. 2004: Standing Up for a Better E-Ballot Box

Academic web sites

• CalTech/MIT Voting Technology Project
• Smithsonian Institute

Commercial web sites

• Election Data Services
• Sequoia Voting Systems
• ES&S - Election Systems and Software
• Diebold Election Systems
• Hart Intercivic
• VoteHere
• Populex
• Vogue Election
• Advanced Voting Solutions

Other link farms

• Electronic Voting in Massachusetts (Feb. 28, 2004) conference resources page
• Helger Lipmaa's link farm

Individual web sites

• Jim Adler's site
• Lori Cranor's site
• Doug Jones' voting page
• Lynn Landes's site
• Rebecca Mercuri's site
• Avi Rubin's home page
• Dan Tokaji's "Equal Vote" Blog page
• Warren Slocum's election central blog

NGO web sites

• AAPD (American Association of People with Disabilities) Disability VOTE Project (Jim Dickson)
• NASED (National Association of State Election Directors)
• National Commission on Federal Election Reform (Federal Election Reform Network)
• California Voter Foundation
• Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
• Equal Justice Foundation on vote fraud.
• Vote Watch
• ElectionLine.org
• David Dill's Verified Voting site www.verifiedvoting.org
  • Election Incident Report System
• Bev Harris's site www.blackboxvoting.org
• FairVote - The Center for Voting and Democracy
• EPIC (Electronic Privacy Information Center) Voting page
• League of Women Voters
• The National Committee for Voting Integrity (NCVI)
• WheresThePaper.org
• Ace Project

Reports, surveys, opinion pieces, and books on voting technology

• Accuracy, Integrity, and Security in Computerized Vote-Tallying, by Roy G. Saltman (August 1988)
• Accuracy and Integrity of Computerized Vote-Counting: Answers to Three Fundamental Questions Posed by Election Administrators , presented by Roy G. Saltman at IACREOT, June 26, 1989.
• A Report on the Feasibility of Internet Voting, California Internet Voting Task Force (Jan. 2000).
• CalTech/MIT Voting Technology Report: "Voting-What Is, What Could Be" (July 2001)
• Final Report (August 2001) of the National Commission on Federal Election Reform
• Hernnson et al. "Early Appraisals of Electronic Voting"
• Secure Electronic Voting (ed. by D. Gritzalis)(Kluwer, 2003).
• California Secretary of State's "Ad-hoc Touch-Screen Task Force Report" (July 2003)
• Eric Fischer's report "Election Reform and Electronic Voting Systems (DREs): Analysis of Security Issues (November 4, 2003)
• RABA evaluation of Diebold Accu-Vote (January 20, 2004)
• Avi Rubin -- Security Considerations for Remote Internet Voting Over the Internet
• Tadayoshi Kohno, Adam Stubblefield, Avi Rubin, and Dan Wallach, "Analysis of an Electronic Voting System" (February 27, 2004)
• Michael Shamos - Electronic Voting: Evaluating the Threat (CFP '93)
• Michael Shamos -- Paper v. Electronic Voting Records - An Assessment (April 2004).
• ElectionLine.org Report - Securing The Vote (April 30, 2004)
• Point, Click, and Vote: The Future of Internet Voting by Alvarez and Hall (2004).
• CACM special issue on voting systems (October 2004)(10 articles)
• Making Each Vote Count: A Research Agenda For Electronic Voting
  AAAS (December 2004). (Also available at http://www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl/evoting/report2.pdf )

Technical papers on voting methods

• Special issue of CryptoBytes (Fall 2004) on electronic voting. Contains articles by Rezende, by Jones, and by Chaum.
• Voting methods using blind signatures:
  • Fujioka/Okamoto/Ohta - A Practical Secret Voting Scheme For Large Scale Elections (Auscrypt '92) (pdf)
• Voting methods using homomorphic encryption:
  • Helger Lipmaa's link farm on homomorphic encryption
  • Cramer/Gennaro/Schoenmakers--A Secure And Optimally Efficient Multi-Authority Election Scheme
  • Boudron/Fouque/Pointcheval/Poupard/Stern-Practical Multi-Candidate Election System (2001)
  • Damgard/Jurik/Nielsen--"A Generalization Of Pailliers Public-Key System with Applications to Electronic Voting" (2003)
  • Kiayias/Yung--The Vector-Ballot E-Voting Approach
• Papers relating to mix-nets:
  • David Chaum -- Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses, and Digital Pseudonyms (CACM Feb 1981)
  • Jakobsson/Juels/Rivest--Making Mix Nets Robust For Electronic Voting By Randomized Partial Checking (USENIX 2002)
  • Boneh/Golle's paper on mixnets
  • Millimix note by Jakobsson and Juels
  • Wikstrom's "A Universally Composable Mix Net" from TCC 2004 (pdf) (ps)
  • Golle et al.'s paper "Universal Re-encryption for mixnets"
• David Chaum's scheme on Voter Verifiable Elections:
  • Chaum's "Secret Ballot Receipts: True Voter Verifiable Elections" (also appeared in CryptoBytes Fall 2004)
  • Bryans/Ryan "A Dependability Analysis of the Chaum Digital Voting Scheme"
  • Poorvi Vora's "David Chaum's Voter Verification Using Encrypted Paper Receipts" (2004)
  • Gomulkiewicz, Klonowski, and Kutylowski's, ``Rapid Mixing and Security of Chaum's Visual Electronic Voting,'' (ESORIC's 2003).
• The VoteHere proposal due to Andy Neff:
  • Documentation from the VoteHere web site
  • Neff's earlier paper, "A Verifiable Secret Shuffle and Its Application To E-Voting (pdf)
  • Improved version of Neff's paper (4/21/04)

Press coverage and editorials

• 2006-06-01 Rolling Stone article by Robert Kennedy Jr., "Was the 2004 Election Stolen?"
• NYT Editorials on Voting
• Wired Magazine articles
• Vanity Fair article "Hack The Vote" (4/2004)
• Krugman's NYT Op-Ed piece 2003-12-02 "Hack The Vote"
• Dan Rather report on HDNet (video)

Some relevant crypto background

• Feige/Shamir's paper on "Witness Hiding and Witness Indistinguishable Protocols"
• Cramer/Damgard/Schoenmaker's paper on "Proofs of Partial Knowledge and Simplified Design of Witness Hiding Protocols"
• Bellare/Garay/Rabin on Batch Verification
• Visual Cryptography:
  • Naor/Shamir's paper on Visual Cryptography
  • Doug Stinson's Visual Cryptography Page

Conferences and Workshops

• CalTech-MIT Voting Technology Conference 2001 (March 29--31, 2001)
• WOTE '01 -- Workshop on Trustworthy Elections (August 26--29, 2001
• WEST 2002 -- Workshop on Election Standards and Technology (January 31--February 1, 2002)
• Electronic Voting in Massachusetts (Feb. 28, 2004)
• DIMACS Workshop on Electronic Voting -- Theory and Practice (May 26--27, 2004)
• NSF/Harvard Symposium on Voting and Vote Counting (June 1, 2004)

Webcasts

• Michael Shamos -- Electronic Voting - The Technology of Democracy (February 11, 2004, Hong Kong.)
• David Dill -- The Battle for Accountable Voting Systems (February 25, 2004, Rice University)
  (Warnings: 1hr 41 mins long, including panel. Also Windows webcast seemed to be truncated, but Real Player format was OK...)
  
• Jon Stewart Daily Show bit on electronic voting
• Election Assistance Commission public hearing (May 5, 2004)
• National Commission on Federal Election Reform hearings (various hearings and dates)

Software

• Open Voting Consortium