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Contents
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Preface
Introduction to OpenStack
Getting Started with OpenStack
Using OpenStack
Plug and Play OpenStack
Roll Your Own OpenStack
Who This Book Is For
Further Reading
How This Book Is Organized
Why and How We Wrote This Book
How to Contribute to This Book
Conventions Used in This Book
Architecture
1. Example Architectures
Example Architecture—Legacy Networking (nova)
Overview
Components
Rationale
Why not use the OpenStack Network Service (neutron)?
Why use multi-host networking?
Detailed Description
Optional Extensions
Example Architecture—OpenStack Networking
Overview
Components
Rationale
Detailed Description
Node types
Networking layout
OpenStack internal network
Public Network
VM traffic network
Node connectivity
Initial deployment
Connectivity for maximum performance
Node diagrams
Example Component Configuration
Parting Thoughts on Architectures
2. Provisioning and Deployment
Automated Deployment
Disk Partitioning and RAID
Network Configuration
Automated Configuration
Remote Management
Parting Thoughts for Provisioning and Deploying OpenStack
Conclusion
3. Designing for Cloud Controllers and Cloud Management
Hardware Considerations
Separation of Services
Database
Message Queue
Conductor Services
Application Programming Interface (API)
Extensions
Scheduling
Images
Dashboard
Authentication and Authorization
Network Considerations
4. Compute Nodes
Choosing a CPU
Choosing a Hypervisor
Instance Storage Solutions
Off Compute Node Storage—Shared File System
On Compute Node Storage—Shared File System
On Compute Node Storage—Nonshared File System
Issues with Live Migration
Choice of File System
Overcommitting
Logging
Networking
Conclusion
5. Scaling
The Starting Point
Adding Cloud Controller Nodes
Segregating Your Cloud
Cells and Regions
Availability Zones and Host Aggregates
Availability zone
Host aggregates zone
Scalable Hardware
Hardware Procurement
Capacity Planning
Burn-in Testing
6. Storage Decisions
Ephemeral Storage
Persistent Storage
Object Storage
Block Storage
OpenStack Storage Concepts
Choosing Storage Backends
Commodity Storage Backend Technologies
Conclusion
7. Network Design
Management Network
Public Addressing Options
IP Address Planning
Network Topology
VLAN Configuration Within OpenStack VMs
Multi-NIC Provisioning
Multi-Host and Single-Host Networking
Services for Networking
NTP
DNS
Conclusion
Operations
8. Lay of the Land
Using the OpenStack Dashboard for Administration
Command-Line Tools
Installing the Tools
Administrative Command-Line Tools
Getting Credentials
Inspecting API Calls
Using cURL for further inspection
Servers and Services
Diagnose Your Compute Nodes
Network Inspection
Users and Projects
Running Instances
Summary
9. Managing Projects and Users
Projects or Tenants?
Managing Projects
Adding Projects
Quotas
Set Image Quotas
Set Compute Service Quotas
View and update compute quotas for a tenant (project)
Set Object Storage Quotas
Set Block Storage Quotas
View and update Block Storage quotas for a tenant (project)
User Management
Creating New Users
Associating Users with Projects
Customizing Authorization
Users Who Disrupt Other Users
Summary
10. User-Facing Operations
Images
Adding Images
Sharing Images Between Projects
Deleting Images
Other CLI Options
The Image Service and the Database
Example Image Service Database Queries
Flavors
Private Flavors
How Do I Modify an Existing Flavor?
Security Groups
General Security Groups Configuration
End-User Configuration of Security Groups
Block Storage
Block Storage Creation Failures
Instances
Starting Instances
Instance Boot Failures
Using Instance-Specific Data
Instance metadata
Instance user data
File injection
Associating Security Groups
Floating IPs
Attaching Block Storage
Taking Snapshots
Live Snapshots
Instances in the Database
Good Luck!
11. Maintenance, Failures, and Debugging
Cloud Controller and Storage Proxy Failures and Maintenance
Planned Maintenance
Rebooting a Cloud Controller or Storage Proxy
After a Cloud Controller or Storage Proxy Reboots
Total Cloud Controller Failure
Compute Node Failures and Maintenance
Planned Maintenance
After a Compute Node Reboots
Instances
Inspecting and Recovering Data from Failed Instances
Volumes
Total Compute Node Failure
/var/lib/nova/instances
Storage Node Failures and Maintenance
Rebooting a Storage Node
Shutting Down a Storage Node
Replacing a Swift Disk
Handling a Complete Failure
Configuration Management
Working with Hardware
Adding a Compute Node
Adding an Object Storage Node
Replacing Components
Databases
Database Connectivity
Performance and Optimizing
HDWMY
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
Quarterly
Semiannually
Determining Which Component Is Broken
Tailing Logs
Running Daemons on the CLI
Uninstalling
12. Network Troubleshooting
Using "ip a" to Check Interface States
Visualizing nova-network Traffic in the Cloud
Visualizing OpenStack Networking Service Traffic in the Cloud
Finding a Failure in the Path
tcpdump
iptables
Network Configuration in the Database for nova-network
Manually Deassociating a Floating IP
Debugging DHCP Issues with nova-network
Debugging DNS Issues
Troubleshooting Open vSwitch
Dealing with Network Namespaces
Summary
13. Logging and Monitoring
Where Are the Logs?
Reading the Logs
Tracing Instance Requests
Adding Custom Logging Statements
RabbitMQ Web Management Interface or rabbitmqctl
Centrally Managing Logs
rsyslog Client Configuration
rsyslog Server Configuration
StackTach
Monitoring
Process Monitoring
Resource Alerting
Metering and Telemetry with Ceilometer
OpenStack-Specific Resources
Intelligent Alerting
Trending
Summary
14. Backup and Recovery
What to Back Up
Database Backups
File System Backups
Compute
Image Catalog and Delivery
Identity
Block Storage
Object Storage
Recovering Backups
Summary
15. Customization
Create an OpenStack Development Environment
Customizing Object Storage (Swift) Middleware
Customizing the OpenStack Compute (nova) Scheduler
Customizing the Dashboard (Horizon)
Conclusion
16. Upstream OpenStack
Getting Help
Reporting Bugs
Confirming and Prioritizing
Bug Fixing
After the Change Is Accepted
Join the OpenStack Community
How to Contribute to the Documentation
Security Information
Finding Additional Information
17. Advanced Configuration
Differences Between Various Drivers
Implementing Periodic Tasks
Specific Configuration Topics
Security Configuration for Compute, Networking, and Storage
High Availability
Enabling IPv6 Support
Periodic Task Frequency for Compute
Geographical Considerations for Object Storage
18. Upgrades
Pre-Upgrade Testing Environment
Preparing for a Rollback
Upgrades
How to Perform an Upgrade from Grizzly to Havana—Ubuntu
Impact on Users
Upgrade Considerations
Perform a Backup
Manage Repositories
Update Configuration Files
Upgrade Packages on the Controller Node
Stop Services, Update Database Schemas, and Restart Services on the Controller Node
Upgrade Packages and Restart Services on the Compute Nodes
Upgrade Packages and Restart Services on the Block Storage Nodes
How to Perform an Upgrade from Grizzly to Havana—Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Derivatives
Impact on Users
Upgrade Considerations
Perform a Backup
Manage Repositories
Update Configuration Files
Upgrade Packages on the Controller Node
Stop Services, Update Database Schemas, and Restart Services on the Controller Node
Upgrade Packages and Restart Services on the Compute Nodes
Upgrade Packages and Restart Services on the Block Storage Nodes
How to Perform an Upgrade from Havana to Icehouse—Ubuntu
Impact on Users
Upgrade Considerations
Perform a Backup
Manage Repositories
Upgrade Notes
Upgrade the Controller Node
Upgrade Each Service
Upgrade the Network Node
Upgrade the Compute Nodes
Upgrade the Storage Nodes
How to Perform an Upgrade from Havana to Icehouse—Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Derivatives
Impact on Users
Upgrade Considerations
Perform a Backup
Manage Repositories
Upgrade Notes
Upgrade the Controller Node
Upgrade Each Service
Upgrade the Network Node
Upgrade the Compute Nodes
Upgrade the Storage Nodes
Cleaning Up and Final Configuration File Updates
Rolling Back a Failed Upgrade
A. Use Cases
NeCTAR
Deployment
Resources
MIT CSAIL
Deployment
Resources
DAIR
Deployment
Resources
CERN
Deployment
Resources
B. Tales From the Cryp^H^H^H^H Cloud
Double VLAN
"The Issue"
Disappearing Images
The Valentine's Day Compute Node Massacre
Down the Rabbit Hole
Havana Haunted by the Dead
C. Working with Roadmaps
Information Available to You
Influencing the Roadmap
Aspects to Watch
Driver Quality Improvements
Easier Upgrades
Deprecation of Nova Network
Replacement of Open vSwitch Plug-in with Modular Layer 2
Compute V3 API
OpenStack on OpenStack (TripleO)
Data Processing (Sahara)
Bare-Metal Deployment (Ironic)
Database as a Service (Trove)
Messaging as a Service (Marconi)
Scheduler Improvements
Block Storage Improvements
Toward a Python SDK
D. Resources
OpenStack
Cloud (General)
Python
Networking
Systems Administration
Virtualization
Configuration Management
Glossary
Index
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